Schemas Psychology and Social Cognition - 1582 Words

Schema Theory 1. Introduction A schema contains both abstract knowledge and speciï ¬ c examples about a particular social object. It ‘provides hypotheses about incoming stimuli, which includes plans for interpreting and gathering schema-related information. Schemas therefore give us some sense of prediction and control of the social world. They guide what we attend to, what we perceive, what we remember and what we infer. All schemas appear to serve similar functions – they all inï ¬â€šuence the encoding (taking in and interpretation) of new information, memory for old information and inferences about missing information. Not only are schemas functional, but they are also essential to our well-being. A dominant theme in social cognition†¦show more content†¦2. Stereotypes schemas is the concepts and assumptions about particular groups of people – e.g., your concepts of gender (gender schemas); older generations; foreigners; bankers; businessmen; professors; etc. 3. Self-schemas ar e the concept of your own self, which consists of different sub-schemas for different aspects of your identity, and for different social roles and situations. Self-schemas are cognitive representations about us that organize and process related information (Markus, 1977). They develop from self-descriptions and traits that are salient and important to our self-concept. They can be described as components of self-concept that are central to our identity and self-deï ¬ nition. E.g. people who value independence highly are said to be self-schematic. 4. Role schemas concepts of proper behaviors or expected behavior in given situations. Different self-schemas become activated depending on the changing situations and contexts in which we ï ¬ nd ourselves (Markus amp; Kunda, 1986; Markus amp; Wurf, 1987). You will have schemas for your real self and also for your ‘ideal’ and ‘ought’ selves (Higgins, 1987). The process of categorization is central to schema theory and to other theoretical approaches. Borrowed from cognitive psychology and the pioneering work of Eleanor Rosch, the process of categorization refers to how we identify stimuli and group them as members of one category,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Social Cognition - Psychology1410 Words   |  6 PagesTerm Paper: Social Cognition Table of Contents: Social Cognition: A science The psychological definitions Breakdown of social psychology Relations to other corresponding theories The theory of social cognition Incorporating stereotypes Schemata Cultural social cognition Holistic thinking Social cognitive neuroscience A personality in jeopardy Social Cognition Social cognition is the encoding, storage, retrieval, and processing, of information in the brain. It is a processRead MoreThe Outcome Of The 2016 Election Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pageswhen looking at the theories and ideas in political psychology, the election of Republican nominee Donald Trump over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton is not entirely shocking. Cognitive dissonance theory, schemas and heuristics, and social influence, specifically conformity, can all help to explain why Donald Trump is America’s new president-elect. Cognitive dissonance is defined as â€Å"when people encounter an inconsistency between any two cognitions† (Haas, Lecture, October 11, 2016). These conflictingRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) within Social Psychology2013 Words   |  9 PagesSocial Psychology can be a challenging concept to master when at the beginning of a psychology education. This week as a student in my undergraduate class approached me and asked how he could explain the difference between psychology, sociology and social psychology to his friend. 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Accounting information system Example

Essays on Accounting information system Admission/Application Essay ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM Number: 3 Revenue cycle The revenue cycle for the Boat retail company entails the process of order processing, billing, and shipping. The customer makes a request in form of an inquiry to the sales department. The sales clerk then responds with the confirmation of availability of products. The client then makes a purchase for the specific items. The sales clerk processes the order and issues an invoice to the client. The client makes payment based on the invoice and the items are shipped to him. The accounts clerk does the billing and issues the client with a bill of the items. He also processes the payments and issues a receipt. The receipt of payment is used by the sales clerk to prepare the delivery statement that is used to ship the items purchased by the customer. These processes and the various actors are depicted in the following diagrams figure 1) context diagram and figure 2) Level 0 data flow diagram. Additionally the flow of the documents through the revenue cycle is illustrated in the document flowchart in figure 3. Figure 1:Context diagram Figure 2: Level 0 Data Flow Diagram Document Flowchart. As described above, the customer makes an inquiry to the sales department. The sales person then responds to the inquiry. This allows the customer to make a purchase order for the items that they need. The sales person proceses the order and issues a an invoice; the invoice is forwarded to the customer by the billing department. After that the customer makes payment for the products and the products are shipped to them together with the payment receipt and the delivery note. The documents that are created in this cycle include; request statement, invoice, delivery note and the payment receipt. The diagram below depicts this flow. 4.0 Database and file structure The database created has four tables including Customer, purchase Orders, Invoices and Inventory. These tables are used to store the records that are needed for the revenue cycle to be complete. The screenshots for the database that is designed in Microsoft Access are shown below. Customer table Customer Id is the primary key that uniquely identifies the customer. The other fields include name, address; contact number, email address and the credit card number; Purchase order; Details entered by the sales person when the customer makes a purchase order. The Order_Id is the primary key for this table; Inventory table Shows the items that are in the inventory. The Item_code acts as the primary key uniquely identifying the products in the inventory. Invoice table Stores all the invoices of orders made by the customer; Invoice No is the primary key; 5.0 Screens and Reports Screens and reports are necessary since they provide an interface through which the users of the database can easily input and view records and data stored in the database. the use of screens and reports enhances efficiency and accuracy in the access to the database, data entry and output of information from the database. Additionally, the use of reports provides summarized data that is easy to interpret hence necessary for provision of summarised data for decision making. The essential screens and reports are shown below: Customer entry screen: Purchase order entry screen Customer Invoice Reports Inventory report Customer purchase order Report Invoice reports Reference Hall, James. 2011. Information Technology Auditing. Mason, OH: South- Western Cengage Learning. Hilty, Lorenz, Eberhard K. Geifert, and Rene Treibert. 2005. Information System for Sustainable Development. London, U.K.: Idea Group Inc. Roger, Chiang, Siau Keng, and Hardgrave Bill. Systems Analysis and Design: Techniques, Methodologies, Approaches, and Architectures. M.E. Sharpe, 2009. Shtub, Avraham, and Reuven Karni. 2010. ERP: The Dynamics of Supply Chain and Process Management. New York, NY: Springer Science. Accounting Information System Example Essays on Accounting Information System Essay ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM Accounting Information Systems Question a. What is SAP what is its significance in Australia? SAP is a business management software. As a matter of fact it is the leader in terms of market as well as technology, among all existing business management software. SAP provides very comprehensive business software via the SAP services, applications and support. b. Provide a brief history of SAP and its relation to ERP and AIS. SAP AG Company was founded in June of the year 1972. It is a German company with regional offices worldwide. The founders were former engineers at IBM in Mannheim. It was later to change to â€Å"Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing†. SAP launched its first application, the SAP R/1 solution. Then in the year 1979; six years after launching SAP R/1, SAP R/2 was launched. Several improvements of the solution were soon to follow then in the 1990s, SAP launched SAP R/3 which also underwent several improvements and changes between 1992 through to the year 1995. Question 2: Referring to the VDO case study on the Canada Post, please answer the following questions a. Provide a summary of the company background The company is called Canada Post; it is Canada’s postal service company. It is a group of companies which includes Pure Later Carrier Company, Progistics, IntelCon, and Noble Post. The company represents about 6 billion dollars in revenue. The company has about 66000 employees (Turner Weickgenannt, 2009). b. Identify and discuss the 5 strategic objectives of the company To be a world leader in providing innovative, physical and electronic delivery solutions creating value for all of its customers, employees and all Canadians. To defend its current business – this is in order to deal with the competitive threats, among them, the electronic mailing services, new delivery companies coming in, and so on. To achieve operational excellence through its business. To make employees, a competitive advantage. Presently they are not a competitive advantage. To enhance its corporate equity. Canada Post has very strong brand presence in Canada. The strategic objectives include: To have a customer driven vision and capability To have timely response to the customers Cost reduction in all of the administrative areas To leverage its distribution network To get its network expanded to the united states and the rest of the world To mobilize the post to occupy a larger share of the distribution market c. Identify and discuss 5 challenges that the company is experiencing and 5 opportunities that can be achieved by using SAP Challenges i. Shareholders are asking for more profits ii. The expense to make the changes to other legacy systems was not working iii. Fuel prices were rocketing iv. Deregulation which is happening in other posts around the world v. Employees are asking for more; the work culture is changing Opportunities i. Technology is changing ii. Globalization iii. What their customers are asking for iv. The need to have a relationship with more of the one million customers it is in contact with than the mere 100000 of them presently. v. Competition d. Identify the SAP solutions and services that the company uses Sales Application Procurement management system and supply chain manager Finance management system Customer and employee facing interfacing has been changed The company has put around HR and Procurement under the SAP R/3 implementation. There are automated shipping tools on the front end so that customers can give data electronically e. Explain 4 motivations in implementing SAP There is an executive steering committee that oversees the change management processes. The company is continually working on improvement. The need to manage people and processes well Changing of the organization from a functional based organization to a process based organization. Most of the teams in the change process were working with 98% of the Canada Post employees to manage the change process. f. Describe 5 benefits of SAP to the company An internally trained work force Reengineering of about 700 processes Procurement processes have been automated and are now electronic in nature. Innovative business processes have been put in place The company has a very business oriented web site that is well integrated with all the other applications of SAP that the company uses. References Gelinas, U., 2011. Accounting Information Systems. New York: Cengage Learning. Investopedia, 2012. Accounting Information System. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accounting-information-system-AIS.asp" \l "axzz1tntMBBlt" http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accounting-information-system-AIS.asp#axzz1tntMBBlt [Accessed 3 May 2012]. Marshall, R. Paul, J., 2009. Accounting Information Systems. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Turner, L. Weickgenannt, A., 2009. Accounting Information Systems: Controls and Processes. New York: Wiley. Accounting information system Example Essays on Accounting information system Assignment FRAUD AND FRAUDULENT ACTIVITIES By of the of the School Fraud and fraudulent Activities One of the articles on fraud and fraudulent activities was published on ABC news website in which the ex-CEO of Healthsouth Corporation which is based in Birmingham Alabama was ordered by the state court judge to pay the firm’s shareholders a sum of $3Billion U.S dollars. Mr. Richard Scrushy was sued by the shareholders for accounting fraud which had been committed during his term in office. The judge, Mr. Allwin Horn argued that the fraud committed by the former CEO almost sent the company into bankruptcy despite being acquitted earlier in a federal criminal case o the same nature in which he pleaded not guilty. Mr. Scrushy was accused of unethical dealings by the Alabama suit which he committed at the time when the firm was undergoing broke and complicity in $2.6 billion in fraudulent dealings. The shareholders wanted him to pay for the amount including that which he had taken for his personal gain. Mr. Scrushy denied any involvement in the act and that he had not sought to have the accounting books manipulated in his favour. Five former finance officers of the company testified against thus implicating him further over the scheme that was aimed at defrauding the company. In his defense, he blamed the former finance chiefs of having personal weaknesses as well as grudge against him (REZAEE, Z., RILEY, R. 2011). The events at the Healthsouth took place in the year 2002 in which the company’s CEO allegedly instructed the company’s accountants to inflate the earnings by $1.4 Billion so as to create a good impression of the company in a bid to win over the confidence of the shareholders and other stakeholders. This constituted an accounting fraud which arises when accounting books of records have been manipulated in favour of some parties in the company. Such kind of fraud can be prevented by adopting a strong system of internal controls such as developing checks and balances that will ensure that no single individual has control over all forms of financial transactions (ALBRECHT, W. S. 2012). Preparation of fiscal policies and procedures involving purchasing guidelines, petty cash management, use of firms’ assets and managing conflict of interest will greatly help handling such frauds. Proper implementation of an Accounting Information System can greatly help in controllin g such fraud since it automate and streamline the entire system thus ensuring timely reporting (HALL, J. A. 2013). The second case of fraud and fraudulent activity was published in 26th May 2010 on the examiner.com website about Humboldt Creamery in which the former CEO pleaded guilty of committing financial-statement fraud. The former CEO Richard Ghilarducci admitted that in the years 2007 and 2008 he had provided false financial information with an intention of availing a favourable financial picture of the company so that the firm will receive an extension of an existing loan from its key financiers such as the CoBank and the Agricultural credit bank. In his defense, he said that his intention was not bent on benefiting him as an individual, a claim that was proved to be true, but he intended to save the current credit position of the company. Several farmers who had filed the suit argued that the events that had transpired under the watch of the CEO had impacted negatively on the image of the creamery making many resulting in many people loosing trust in the firm. One of the most notable farmers was Mr. Dennis Leonardi who claimed that the Mr. Ghilarducci’s actions had forced him to take up a seven year loan so as to keep his own farm solvent. The actions of the former CEO however violated the Title 18, U.S. Code, Section 1014, which prohibited false financial statements directed to the Agricultural Credit Banks. He therefore faces a sentence of not more than thirty years imprisonment and a fine of about $1 million. The financial statement fraud committed by the former CEO led to wrong representation of the financial position of the company in-terms of its asset thus portraying a false positive image of the firm (HALL, J. A., HALL, J. A. 2011). One of the means of mitigating such kind of fraud is to ensure proper auditing of the firm’s financial records from time to time basis by external auditors as well developing stronger internal control systems that will allow order in the company’s operations (ZACK, G. M. 2013). Bibliography ZACK, G. M. (2013). Financial statement fraud: strategies for detection and investigation. Hoboken, N.J., John Wiley Sons. REZAEE, Z., RILEY, R. (2011). Financial Statement Fraud Defined. Hoboken, John Wiley Sons, Inc. http://www.SLQ.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=456006. HALL, J. A. (2013). Accounting information systems. Mason, OH, South-Western Cengage Learning. ALBRECHT, W. S. (2012). Fraud examination. Mason, OH, South Western, Cengage Learning. HALL, J. A., HALL, J. A. (2011). Information technology auditing and assurance. Mason, Ohio, Thomson/South-Western. http://www.examiner.com/article/humboldt-creamery-s-ex-ceo-pleads-guilty-to-financial-statement-fraud http://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=7876580

Logistic Management Singapore Food Delight Manufacturing Pte Ltd

Question: Discuss about theLogistic Managementfor Singapore Food Delight Manufacturing Pte Ltd. Answer: Introduction: This essay has been written for analyzing the effectiveness and efficiency of the aspects of purchasing management. Singapore food delight manufacturing Pte ltd has been taken consideration for this research. The main objective behind this essay is to analysis the role of purchasing management into an organization and how it impacts on the organizations cost and profit. In this essay many factors have been analyzed to check the efficiency of purchase management team and their impact over the organization and its manufacturing and other operations. Company Profile: Singapore food delight manufacturing Pte ltd is one of the most known manufacturing companies in food industry. The main product of the company is Singapore hawker. HACCP certified company for its operations and its quality. Company has introduced many new technology of cooking into the market. The main vision of the company is to provide the best quality product to its customers in cheap price. Company believes to provide the happiness into small boxes in which the food of the company is packed. Company uses the best of the technology to meet the goals and objectives of the organization. The technique of inventory management, order cycle, order quantity etc is quite competitive of Singapore food delight manufacturing Pte ltd. The main target market of the company is local market where the company supplies the fresh product to its customer is such a packaging that the product could be fresh for a long period. Company offers frozen food to its customer which could even eat directly by the consumers. Company is planning new strategies to grab the more market by offering the best quality product to its customers (Ponomarov Holcomb, 2009). SFD is the only company of Singapore which produces such food products with the authentic taste. Company has launched many new products like chicken rice, nasal briyani, chicken briyani, laksa, carrot cake etc. Purchasing Goals of Singapore Food Delight Manufacturing Pte Ltd: Every company has some purchasing goals to accomplish the organizational goal. It is required for every manufacturing company to establish some goals of purchasing the raw material as this is the main element of the manufacturing process (Jttner, 2005). Company must set the goal such as purchasing the best quality product in cheapest price, bargain with supplier, identify the best supplier into the market, purchase only required product, and manage a list of all the required product and their frequency of requirement. At Singapore food delight manufacturing Pte ltd (SFD) the purchasing goals are as follows: Quality of raw material: The main goal of the company is to buy the best quality of raw material such as spices, rice, chicken, flour etc. SFD could only provide the best quality product to its consumer, if it too gets the best quality of raw products (Carter Liane Easton, 2011). Get the order on time: It is crucial for every manufacturing company to get the order on time. If a company fails to get the material on time, than the production of company could stop which would lead the company on a great. Maintain the right supply of raw products: The crucial goal of SFD is maintaining the supply of raw products in concern of quantity, quality and value. Minimize the operational money: The other goal of the company is minimizing the operational cost by ordering the product at the right time and from the nearest supplier. Competitive: Company focuses on be competitive. So that it can take a step further from its competitors. SFD also focus to competitive factor while purchasing the raw products. Reliability on suppliers: Company takes care about the suppliers and relies on them to accomplish and meet the objectives and goals of the company. Value of material: The crucial goal of the company is minimizing the cost. For it company analyzes that the purchased product is of worth or not. Efficiency and Effectiveness: Efficiency and Effectiveness is the main goal. The raw products must be efficient and must be effective. Cost Saving: Company focuses on saving the cost by using many technologies and other accounting and logistic technique. Strategic relationship with suppliers: The goal of maintain relationship with supplier helps the company in retaining the best supplier for a long period. Thus, the purchasing goals of SFD is quite competitive and company is mangling on its fullest to meet all the objectives so that company can save the cost and can provide the best quality products to its consumer for grabbing more market and satisfy the customer to enhance the goodwill in the market. Supplier Selection Criteria and Issues: For meeting the purchasing goals of the company, the main aspect of the company is to choose the best supplier. Only a good supplier could help the company in meeting all its objectives and goals. The supplier selection criteria of SFD are based on the old technique. Company doesnt take the suppliers selection seriously (Van Weele, 2009). So following are some suggestions to the SFD to follow while choosing the supplier. So that company could fulfill all the objectives and goals. Recommendation to SFD to Select the Suppliers: Selecting the supplier is a crucial part of every manufacturing company. Suppliers are those who supply the raw material goods to manufacturing company. The SFD is suggested to apply the following criteria while choosing the suppliers: Identify the suppliers: ompany must analyze all the key suppliers of raw material and must analyze according to the requirement of the company. SFD must analyze all the suppliers which are nearest to it and identify that how much of them could help the company to achieve its final goal (Zsidisin Siferd, 2001). Measuring the performance of suppliers: SFD must measure the performance of every identified supplier and must find out that which supplier is giving the best performance in delivering the material at right time, in right quantity and in cheap price. Company could take the help of an auditor to analyze all the factors about the supplier company. Gaining the feedback of suppliers: Another tool, SFD could use to identify the best supplier is gaining the feedback from supplier itself. For it, company could ask the supplier to fill a self assessment questionnaire. It could help the company in analyzing the performance of the supplier company (Gelderman Semeijn, 2006). Achieving certification: Certification could also help the company to identify the best supplier and take the help of those suppliers for a long time. Certification could be provided by the companies to each other according to the relations and behavior. Developing partnerships: A strategic partnership could also help the SFD in managing the best relationship with the suppliers and ask them to provide the best quality product in a economic price. Ensuring the quality of material for the consumers: While choosing the best supplier for the company, SFD must analyze that the chosen supplier would provide the best quality product which would help the company in becoming more competitive (Fawcett, Magnan McCarter, 2008). Thus SFD must follow the above mentioned recommendations to choose the best supplier which could provide the company best quality product in economic price. Decisions: Many issues could be faced by the company while choosing the best supplier such as: Pricing Problem No guarantee of Services Quality Issues Competition No delivery on time (Gelderman Weele, 2002) Thus, the above mentioned issues could be face by the company. For sort out these problems, SFD must use the following techniques: Analyze all the suppliers services and chose the best among them Take the help of secondary data to identify the suppliers goodwill and services Company could conduct a research to analyze the cost and can opt the most economic cost (Miles Snow, 2007) SFD must use accounting technique and take the help of exports to identify the price and quality of the raw material. ICT for Purchasing Operations: The purchasing goals of SFD are quite competitive. But according to a research it has been found that company could enhance the capabilities more and could achieve the goal easily, if it chooses the information, communication and technology in it. For meeting the purchasing goals of the company, ICT plays an important role. Due to it, SFD not only can enhance the capabilities but even can reduce the expenses also. The technologies and techniques used in the company are quite old (Sachan Datta, 2005). So following are some suggestions to the SFD to follow while implementing the new techniques. So that company could fulfill all the objectives and goals. Recommendation to SFD to Implement New Technology: It is recommended to SFD to make some changes in existing technologies and communication technology so that company could achieve the goals more efficiently. Following are some changes which company could implement in the operations of the company to make some better changes. Company could take the help of many existing software in the market of logistics and supply chain management. Company could take the help of technology to communicate the requirement of raw product and order of that. Company could implement the new technology into the warehouse and factory so that manger could analysis that when to order the new material (Shepherd Gnter, 2006). Company could use the accounting software and technique to analysis the order cycle and could order the material according to that. Company could analysis the logistic through technology and can plan the purchasing according to that. Purchasing Cost Analysis: The purchasing goals of SFD are quite competitive. But according to the analysis it has been found that company could reduce the purchasing cost more and enhance the capabilities more and could achieve the goal easily, if it focuses on reduction of extra expenses occur while ordering the new lot (Zhao, Flynn Roth, 2007). For meeting the purchasing goals of the company, cost plays the most crucial role. Due to it, SFD not only can enhance the capabilities but even can reduce the expenses also. So following are some suggestions to the SFD to follow for reducing the cost of purchase. So that company could fulfill all the objectives and goals. Recommendation to SFD to Implement New Technology: It is recommended to SFD to make some changes in existing method of reducing the cost and making control over the cost so that company could achieve the goals more efficiently. Following are some changes which company could change in reducing the cost of the company and enhance the profitability. Company must place the new order according to the order cycle. Company must purchase the raw material from the nearest supplier to reduce the transport cost. Company must focus over the wearing and tearing charges and should work to reduce it (Stock, Boyer Harmon, 2010). Company must use the communication technology to place the order so that supplier could held be responsible in case of any failure. Company must maintain the best relationship with suppliers to get some offer. Company must make control over loading, unloading and warehouse charges. Conclusion: It can be concluded through this study that purchasing management is a main part of logistic management. It has been analyzed through this study that Singapore food delight manufacturing pte ltd is one of the growing companies in local market. The company has used best of the technologies to accomplish and meet the objectives and goals of purchasing management of the company. It has been found that if company opts and makes changes in some of the using techniques; it could enhance its profitability and could deliver the more qualitative food to the consumers in economic price. Through this study and analysis it can also be concluded that company is growing rapidly into the market and the customers are quite satisfy with the services of the company. It could also be concluded that the suppliers of the company are quite competitive and the techniques of the company helps it to take a further step into the industry. References: Zhao, X., Flynn, B. B., Roth, A. V. (2007). Decision sciences research in China: current status, opportunities, and propositions for research in supply chain management, logistics, and quality management. Decision Sciences, 38(1), 39-80. Stock, J. R., Boyer, S. L., Harmon, T. (2010). Research opportunities in supply chain management. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(1), 32-41. Shepherd, C., Gnter, H. (2006). Measuring supply chain performance: current research and future directions. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55(3/4), 242-258. Sachan, A., Datta, S. (2005). Review of supply chain management and logistics research. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 35(9), 664-705. Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C. (2007). Organization theory and supply chain management: An evolving research perspective. Journal of operations management, 25(2), 459-463. Ponomarov, S. Y., Holcomb, M. C. (2009). Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 20(1), 124-143. Jttner, U. (2005). Supply chain risk management: Understanding the business requirements from a practitioner perspective. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 16(1), 120-141. Carter, C. R., Liane Easton, P. (2011). Sustainable supply chain management: evolution and future directions. International journal of physical distribution logistics management, 41(1), 46-62. Fawcett, S. E., Magnan, G. M., McCarter, M. W. (2008). Benefits, barriers, and bridges to effective supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 13(1), 35-48. Van Weele, A. J. (2009).Purchasing supply chain management: analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Cengage Learning EMEA. Gelderman, C. J., Semeijn, J. (2006). Managing the global supply base through purchasing portfolio management.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,12(4), 209-217. Zsidisin, G. A., Siferd, S. P. (2001). Environmental purchasing: a framework for theory development.European Journal of Purchasing Supply Management,7(1), 61-73. Gelderman, C. J., Weele, A. J. (2002). Strategic direction through purchasing portfolio management: a case study.Journal of Supply Chain Management,38(1), 30-37.

MASS MEDIA VIOLENCE AND THE EFFECT ON CHILDREN Essay Example For Students

MASS MEDIA VIOLENCE AND THE EFFECT ON CHILDREN Essay MASS MEDIA VIOLENCE AND THE EFFECT ON CHILDREN Essay Violence in the media is a problem in American society today. The effect can be severe and widespread. The people exposed to this media violence are mostly children. They are very impressionable and imitate what they see hear and are told by their friends. In this essay I will state my opinion and the opinions of several physiologists and other officials. Violence on television has been an issue that has plagued man from the day it was invented. Numerous shows depict violent acts such as rape, murder, and other such acts that many people consider inappropriate for adolescents. According to some studies the average child watches about 27 hours of television week. In some cases it is as much as 11 hours a day on a weekend. With the current amount of violence that is on television today these same studies estimate that the average child sees 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence before finishing elementary school. In 1992, there were over 1,800 acts of violence shown on television a day, over 360 those showed an act involving guns. Mediascopes National Television Violence Study found that 57% of television programs aired in 1994 and 1995, contained some violence most of these were cartoons. So the question is, should we ban violence from the television or should we just leave it the way it is? Some people believe that it should be banned from stations that show childrens programs to prevent the exposure of those children. Sometimes children see a great amount of violence on television, they begin to think that this is right and start to imitate the acts that they see on television, which are not the things that the parents want the children to learn from. One example of this is a thirteen-year-old boy who shot his best friends father and then put salt in the wounds. When he was asked why he did this he said that he had seen the same thing on a movie the day before. Psychological research has shown three major effects of seeing violence on television: Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Children may be more fearful of the world around them.. Children may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others. Children who watch a lot of TV are less aroused by violent scenes than are those who only watch a little; in other words, theyre less bothered by violence in general, and less likely to anything wrong with it. One example: in several studies, those who watched a violent program instead of a nonviolent one were slower to intervene or to call for help when, a little later, they saw younger children fighting or playing destructively. Children often behave differently after theyve been watching violent programs on TV. In one study done at Pennsylvania State University, about 100 preschool children were observed both before and after watching television; some watched cartoons that had a lot of aggressive and violent acts in them, and others watched shows that didnt have any kind of violence. The first group were less likely to share and more prone to hit or be destructive. Prime time programs average eight hostile acts per hour; childrens shows four times as much. People as a society today tend to over react to incidents where children are involved. The problem arises when some demented child who has serious metal problems and cant define reality and fiction does a horrendous crime and blames all his problems on a show that he saw where two people kill each other. I can see the relevance of this argument but I cant honestly believe that 50% of children cant tell the difference between reality and the images they see on television. .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 , .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 .postImageUrl , .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 , .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579:hover , .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579:visited , .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579:active { border:0!important; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579:active , .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579 .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud3bb17e79ac1b7c6b9175aecbba51579:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Web Based Parts Ordering System Essay Without being taught children make their own assessments of the reality status of television programs. The opposing sides of this issue are the parents whose children are viewing the violent material and the television stations that broadcast the shows. Parents can help by just observing their children. Because there is a great deal of violence in both adult and childrens programming, .